Köppen Climate Classification

This type of climate, sometimes also called equatorial climate, is typical for regions close to the equator, most often 5 to 10 degrees south or north from it. It is usually areas covered with tropical rainforests. The climate is characterized by an absence of a dry period, all months having precipitation amount of at least 60 mm (2.35 in). There are also no seasons during the year. The temperature and precipitation distribution remains more less the same throughout the year and the same also applies for the duration of day and night, which remains constant due to the position near the equator. Differences between temperatures during day and night can be significant. The average temperature during the day remains high all year round, quite often above 30°C (85°F). Also thunderstorms are quite common and most intense rains usually occur late in the afternoon and in the evening.

The climate is very humid because of the rainfall, which is often above 2500 mm/year (100 in) and there is no dry season. Main vegetation of this climate is trees, which can be over 50 m (165 ft) high. The tree canopy often shields most of the sun light and only a fraction reaches the smaller plants near the forest floor. Therefore common plant species include many types of ferns and mosses, as well as epiphytes (plants growing harmlessly upon another plant).

This climate is quite common in Southeast Asia, central Africa and South America. Tropical microclimate, however, is also found in some other regions such as for example the northern part of Queensland in Australia or the eastern part of Madagascar.

Tropical monsoon climate is characterized by alternating dry and wet periods, similar to the tropical climate of savannas. The temperature range during the day remains more less constant throughout the year and the driest month usually is the one right after or close to the winter solstice in that particular hemisphere.

This type of climate is most often encountered in South and Central America, some parts of South and Southeastern Asia, western and central part of Africa, the Caribbean and parts of North America.

Most significant factor that determines the climate are the monsoons. These are seasonal winds changing direction during the year. For example in Asia during the summer, wind blows from the ocean to land, in the winter it is the other way around.

Temperatures are high all year and precipitation can be lower during some months, overall however, the total annual precipitation is often greater than that of equatorial climate (Af), where it is just more evenly distributed. The dry period is usually much shorter than the wet one.

There are generally two versions of this climate type:

• less pronounced dry seasons - substantial amount of rain during the wet season, usually in the form of frequent thunderstorms, however considerable amount also falls during the dry season
• extraordinarily rainy wet seasons and pronounced dry seasons - pronounced dry seasons similar in length and character to dry seasons observed in tropical savanna climates. This however, is followed by a sustained period of high rainfall for two or more consecutive months.

Tropical savanna climate is characterized by substantial variation during the year. There is a dry period and wet period. The dry period is longer than in case of the tropical monsoon climate (Am). Temperatures remain high all year round, but with greater daily amplitude. Total annual rainfall is usually less than in case of equatorial or tropical monsoon climate.

In general there are four types of tropical savanna climate:

• distinct wet and dry seasons of relatively equal duration, most of rainfall is during the wet season and only very little falls during the dry season
• lengthy dry season (seven or more months) and relatively short wet season (five or less months)
• lengthy wet season (seven or more months) and relatively short dry season (five or less months)
• a dry season with some rain followed by a rainy wet season

Tropical savanna climates are most commonly found in Africa, Asia and northern South America. Other places include also parts of Central America (Mexico), U.S. (Florida) and the Caribbean coast. It is often found at the outer margins of the tropical zone. As climate type is often caused by a rain shadow effect that reduces summer precipitation in a tropical area. Such places include parts of Hawaii, East Africa, Sri Lanka and costal regions of Northeastern Brazil.

Semi-arid climates (steppe climates) are intermediates between desert climates (BW) and humid climates. Characteristic is a scrubby vegetation, often dominated by either grasses or shrubs.

Hot semi-arid climates tend to be licated in the tropics and subtropics. The summers are hot, often extremely hot, and winters relatively warm and mild.

The most common variant of BSh climate experiences the seasonal effects of monsoons and has a short distinct wet season. Places with this climate type include West Africa, India, parts of Mexico and bordering areas in Texas, Southern California, parts of Australia surrounding the central desert regions and parts of Pakistan.

Semi-arid climates (steppe climates) are intermediates between desert climates (BW) and humid climates. Characteristic is a scrubby vegetation, often dominated by either grasses or shrubs.

Cold semi-arid climates are usually found further away from the coast in continental interiors and at higher elevations. Summers are not as hot as in case of the hot semi-arid climate, but still quite hot, or even exceptionally hot at times. However, the winters are cold, with possible snowfall.

Typical are large differences between daily minimum and maximum temperature (often more than 20°C (36°F)). Summers are usually wetter and winters drier at higher latitudes and vice versa at lower latitudes, closer to the equator.

The lowest winter temperatures can be as low as -30°C (-22°F).

Cold semi-arid climates are most commonly found in Asia and North America and also in some parts of Northern Africa, South Africa, South America, South-Central Australia, New Zealand and Europe (Spain).

The desert climate is characterized by extremely small rainfall. In general it includes areas, which have such little precipitation, that there is hardly any vegetation at all.

The total annual precipitation is at most 250mm (10in), but quite often much less and regions with no rainfall during the entire year are not an exception. In specific cases this climate type is also assigned to places with more than 250mm (10in) of rainfall annually, but where more water is lost by evapotranspiration than falls with rain (for example some areas in Arizona).

Hot desert climate is also defined by very high temperatures all year round. Most commonly these regions are around the 30° latitude on both hemispheres. Temperatures can be extreme, exceeding 40°C (105°F) and sometimes even above 45°C (115°F). However, due to the fact they are usually far inland, the differences between day and night can also be extreme and during night it is sometimes even freezing. Areas with BWh climate type are the ones where the absolutely highest temperatures on Earth have been measured (Death Valley, some parts in Libya etc.). The warmest month usually has an average temperature of more than 26°C (80°F).

The most well-known region with this climate is the largest desert on Earth, the Sahara desert in Africa. Other areas with this climate include the deserts in Libya, regions in southern Africa (Namib desert, Kalahari desert), some parts of Mexico, large areas especially in the central Australia and also some regions in the Middle East.

Very low precipitation also means very little cloudiness, some regions can have clouds only less than 30 days per year.

The desert climate is characterized by extremely small rainfall. In general it includes areas, which have such little precipitation, that there is hardly any vegetation at all.

The total annual precipitation is at most 250mm (10in), but quite often much less and regions with no rainfall during the entire year are not an exception. In specific cases this climate type is also assigned to places with more than 250mm (10in) of rainfall annually, but where more water is lost by evapotranspiration than falls with rain (for example some areas in Arizona).

Although the climate type has the word 'cold' in it, this term is rather relative. Summers can still be very and sometimes extremely hot (temperatures, however, do not reach as high values as in the case of hot desert climate type BWh). What is different from the BWh type is the occurrence of also colder periods, sometimes extremely cold with temperatures far below the freezing point.

Basically all regions with this climate type are found in Asia. Usually in the lee of high mountain ranges, often at higher elevations. The most well-known region with this climate type is probably the Asian Gobi desert in Mongolia. Summers are very hot, while winters extremely cold, the annual temperature range is very high and the same is true for the day/night temperature differences as well. Apart from central Asia (Mongolia, China, India), the BWk climate is also assigned to some parts in Western USA and South America.

The Cfa climate type is typical for areas on the Eastern coasts of continents, mostly between 20^th and 30^th latitude. The average temperature of the warmest month is higher than 22°C (72°F) and the temperature throughout the year range from usually -3°C (26°F) to 18°C (65°F). In the winter, however, in some cases it can be well below freezing point.

Precipitation is relatively evenly distributed throughout the entire year. Humidity tends to be higher during the summer half year, when the conditions resemble the humid tropical climate. The total annual rainfall can be quite variable, most commonly between 650mm (26in) and 2500mm (100in). Thunderstorms during the summer are frequent.

Cfa climate type can be found for example in the Southeastern USA, Northern part of Argentina, Uruguay and Southern part of Brazil, Southern Japan and South of China.

The Cfb climate type is an oceanic type of climate with mild winter and evenly distributed precipitation. Average temperature of all months is less than 22°C (72°F), which is what differentiates it from the Cfa type. Meanwhile, at least four months have an average temperature of 10°C (50°F) or more.

Just like precipitation, also temperatures tend to be relatively constant and differences between day and night are not very big. Precipitation throughout the year are frequent, but not very intense and sometimes even many wetdays in a row can occur. In the winter and in the autumn are common fogs and during the year also thunderstorms.

Winters are mild (temperatures only very rarely drop below 0°C (32°F) and if, then only very slightly) and summers nice and warm. Frontal activity causes lot of cloudiness and relatively high humidity in the autumn, winter and spring.

The total annual rainfall ranges usually between 650mm (26in) and 2500mm (100in) and in the winter it sometimes also snows.

Temperate oceanic climate Cfb can be found for example in the United Kingdom, Western part of France, Germany, on the West coast of Europe, Northern part of Spain, some parts of South America (Southern and Northern tips), in Southeast Australia and New Zealand.

Subarctic oceanic climate differs from the Cfb in that it is overall colder. Just like in case of the Cfb type, the average monthly temperature of all months is less than 22°C (72°F) , in this case however, the temperature only exceeds 10°C (50°F) in one to three months.

Daily temperature range is very small and this is true throughout the entire year. Precipitation is evenly distributed to all months.

In the summer, the temperature only rarely rises above 20°C and at night drops to 5 to 10°C (40 to 50°F). In the winter it can get quite cold and temperatures in the range of -5 to -10°C (14 to 23°F) are nothing unusual.

Cfc climate type is relatively rare, most often it is found on islands and coasts in the vicinity of the polar circle. This includes for example Iceland, Aleut islands, Faroe Islands, Shetlands or Auckland islands.

Cs climate type is characterized by a dry summer and wet winter. In case of the Csa subtype, the summer tends to be very warm. The average temperature of the warmest month is above 22°C (72°F). The wettest month in the winter usually has three times as much precipitation than the driest month in the summer, which usually has less than 30mm of rainfall. Summers are therefore quite dry, with relatively little cloudiness and often longer periods with no rain at all. Winters, on the other hand, are wet and very rarely it snows as well.

Temperatures in the summer reach very high values between 30 and 40°C (85 and 105°F). In the winter it is very unusual for the temperature to fall below the freezing point.

The continental Mediterranean climate (Csa) is sometimes also referred to as hot Mediterranean climate. The higher temperatures are the result of a fact that the places are usually deeper inland. The Csa subtype is more common than the other Cs climates and usually represents what most people imagine under the term "Mediterranean climate".

It can be found for example around the Mediterranean sea in Europe, in Southwest Australia, Southwestern part of South Africa, some parts in Central Asia and in Northern California. Other places also include some microregions such as the Spanish capital Madrid, Italian Rome, American Los Angeles or Perth in Australia.

The Cs climate type is characterized by dry summers and wet winters. Summer temperatures however are in this case not as high as in case of the Csa subtype. The average temperature of the warmest month is not higher than 22°C (72°F).

In comparison to the continental Csa subtype, the Csb type is less common.

Most of precipitation is observed in the winter, which is usually mild, but with possible colder spans. In the summer it is dry, but nicely warm and sunny, which however also increases the risk of wild fires.

The Csb climate can be found for example in some regions on the West coast of the U.S. (for example San Francisco), in the Southwestern part of South America, some regions in Spain and Portugal, Turkey and South of Africa (Cape Town).

The Cw climate type is in general characterized by the fact that most precipitation occurs in the summer. The temperature of the warmest month is above 10°C (50°F) and the coldest month is between -3 and 18°C (26 and 65°F). In the summer the temperature of the warmest month is above 22°C (72°F).

Summers are wet and warm, winters mild and dry, often with periods with complete absence of precipitation. Particularly pronounced difference between summers and winters can be observed in regions affected by the monsoons, for example in some parts of Southeastern Asia. Most of the summer precipitation falls during thunderstorms and heavy rains.

Cwa climate type can be found in inland parts of Central and East Africa (Angola, Northeast Zimbabwe, parts of Mozambique, South Congo, Southwest Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia), in some parts of South America and close to the Andes in Northwest Argentina.

The Cw climate type is in general characterized by precipitation occurring mostly in the summer. Temperature of the warmest month is above 10°C (50°F) and coldest month has a temperature in the range between -3 and +18°C (26 and 65°F). Summers are mild, four of the warmest months have temperature above 10°C (50°F), but never more than 22°C (72°F).

This subtype is in fact an alternative of the oceanic climate (Cf type), but typical for regions at higher elevations, often also microregions within other climate types, such as the tropical one, where the difference is associated with the elevation.

Temperatures in the summer are not as high as in the case of Cwa type, but winters are also not very cold and snow only rare.

The Cwb subtype can be found for example in Central America (Mexico City), parts of East, South and Southeast Africa, close to the Atlas mountain range, in some mountains in South Europe and Southeast Asia, including the Himalayas, some regions in Australia, where, however, the temperatures are slightly higher and summers drier in comparison to what is typical for the rest of the regions classified under this climate subtype (summer maxima can very rarely be even around 40°C (104°F)).

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found in the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10°C (50°F), but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3°C (26°F). In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

This warmest alternative of the D climate type has precipitation evenly distributed throughout the year. The highest temperatures in the summer quite often reach very high values between 30 and 40°C (85 and 105°F), in the winter however, they can drop to values in the range of – 10 to -25°C (+15 to -15°F). Regions assigned to the Dfa climate type in Europe tend to be drier than those with the same climate type in North America. The warmest month is usually July, sometimes August. The coldest month, with temperature below -3°C (26°F), is most often January.

The Dfa subtype can be found in some parts of Central and Central East USA (for example Chicago, Boston, New York City or Pittsburgh), in Southern Ukraine, some parts of Russia or China.

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found in the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10°C (50°F), but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3°C (26°F). In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

Just like the Dfa type, precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year. In comparison to the Dfa however, summer is slightly colder and the warmest month average temperature is not above 22°C (72°F). The highest summer temperature is still usually between 30 and 35°C (85 and 95°F), in the winter it drops to -10 to -35°C (+15 to -30°F).

Precipitation is higher in the summer, but the difference is not very large. Most of the precipitation in the summer occurs during thunderstorms and so quite often there are longer dry periods between them.

This Dfb category includes for example parts of northern U.S. (for example Buffalo or Calgary), southern part of Canada (for example Ottawa), southern part of Russia (for example Vladivostok), Western part of Central Europe or Southern part of Scandinavia (for example Helsinki).

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found in the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10°C (50°F), but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3°C (26°F). In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

This subtype is sometimes also referred to as boreal climate of the taiga. It is characterized by usually very long and cold winters and short, cooler summers. One of the unique characteristics is extremely large difference between temperatures during summer and winter. In the winter, the minimum temperature can fall even below -40°C (-40°F), while in the summer the maximum temperature is usually around 30°C (86°F). Summers tend to last only three to four months and to be classified as Dfc, there has to be at least one month with average temperature above 10°C (50°F). Winter usually means five to seven months with temperatures below the freezing point. Spring and autumn are relatively short and the temperature transition between seasons quite fast.

In case of the Dfc subtype, there are no distinctive dry or wet periods. Precipitation is usually higher during the summer and consists of more or less intense rains, thunderstorms are relatively rare. The total annual precipitation ranges usually between 120 and 500mm.

Dfc subtype is by far the most frequent subarctic climate type and can be found at latitudes between 50 and 70° on the Northern hemisphere. This includes for example most of Siberia, Kamchatka, parts of Scotland, Northern part of Scandinavia, Alaska, large regions in Canada, Northern Mongolia etc. However, it can also be found in microregions at very high elevations, for example in the Alps in France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy or Austria, in central Romania, some mountains in Turkey, American Rocky Mountains or White Mountains, parts of China and India.

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found in the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10°C (50°F), but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3°C (26°F). In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

The Dfd subtype is an extreme variant of the subarctic climate, which is characterized by the temperature of the coldest month lower than -38°C (-36°F). Despite this extreme cold however, there is still short, but very warm summer and the temperature of the warmest month is higher than 10°C (50°F), which is what differentiates Dfd subtype from the polar climate.

Precipitation is evenly distributed during the year and usually between 100 and 500mm (4 and 20in) annually. Humidity is relatively low all year round.

Unlike the Dfc subtype, which is the second most common climate type on Earth, the Dfd climate is quite rare. It basically only covers some parts of Northeast Siberia.

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found on the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10°C (50°F), but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3°C (26°F). In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

This subtype is characterized by very warm summers, where temperature of the warmest month is above 22°C (72°F). Meanwhile, the coldest month however, has average temperature of less than -3°C (26°F). In the winter the temperatures usually drop to around -5 to -20°C (-5°F). In the summer it can be even more than 35°C (95°F) and the daily temperature amplitude gets larger.

Summers tend to be dry and warm. Most precipitation is observed in the winter or at the beginning of spring.

Dsa subtype is not very common and can be found usually in regions bordering the Mediterranean climate, but at higher elevations. This includes for example some parts in western U.S. or some areas in Mongolia.

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found in the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10°C (50°F), but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3°C (26°F). In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

Dsb subtype is characterized by relatively warm summers, which are significantly drier than the rest of the year. Maximum summer temperatures usually range between 30 to 35°C (85 to 95°F), in the winter, on the other hand, drop to approximately -10 to -15°C (15 to 5°F). In comparison to the Dsa subtype, this type is slightly colder and none of the months has an average temperature of more than 22°C (72°F). Still however, at least four months of the year have average temperature higher than 10°C (50°F).

Summers are warm and dry. Most precipitation is observed in the winter or at the beginning of spring.

Dsb type is more common than Dsa, but still not very frequent and includes for example some parts in Western U.S. or in Turkey.

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found in the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10°C (50°F), but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3°C (26°F). In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

This subtype is characterized by long and usually very cold winters and short, cooler summers. What is typical are extremely large differences between temperatures of the individual seasons. In the winter, the temperatures can drop below -40°C (-40°F), in the summer, on the other hand, values close to 30°C (86°F) are not uncommon. Summers usually last only three to four months, but in order to be classified as Dsc, it is necessary that at least one month has an average temperature of more than 10°C (50°F). Winter usually means five to seven months with temperatures below the freezing point. Spring and autumn are relatively short and the temperature transition from winter to summer and vice versa is quite fast.

Most precipitation is observed during winter or at the beginning of spring.

This climate type is extremely rare and can basically only be found in some parts of Canada, Alaska and a few high-elevation areas in U.S., Korean peninsula and Russia.

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found in the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10°C (50°F), but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3°C (26°F). In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

The Dwa subtype is characterized by very warm summers, with warmest month having average temperature of more than 22°C (72°F). In the meantime however, the average temperature of the coldest month is not more than -3°C (26°F). The winter minimum temperatures usually range between -5 to -20°C (+23 to -4°F) and during summer can reach even 35°C (95°F). The daily temperature amplitude is very large.

Winters are dry and most precipitation is observed in the summer, which also means there is usually not much snow in the winter. Dwa subtype can be found in some parts of Eastern Asia affected by the monsoon activity. In particular it includes some parts of Eastern China and most of the Korean peninsula.

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found in the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10°C (50°F), but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3°C (26°F). In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

Dwb subtype is characterized by very warm summers, which are also much drier than the rest of the year. Maximum summer temperatures usually range between 30 to 35°C (85 to 95°F) and in the winter it can get as cold as -10 to -15°C (15 to 10°F). In comparison to the Dwa subtype, it is colder and there is no month with average temperature above 22°C (72°F). Still, at least four months have an average temperature higher than 10°C (50°F).

In general it can be said that the D climate type can only be found in the Northern Hemisphere, northwards from the C climate zones, closer to the North Pole. The average temperature during the warmest month is higher than or equal to 10°C (50°F), but in the winter the coldest month has an average value of less than -3°C (26°F). In the winter it often snows and it tends to be quite windy and cold due to the polar and Arctic air masses.

Dwc subtype is characterized by usually very cold winters and short, colder summers. What is typical are extremely large differences between temperatures in the summer and in the winter. Winter minima can be as low as -40°C (-40°F), while summer maxima can reach approximately 30°C (86°F). Summers usually last only three to four months, but in order to be classified as Dwc, it is necessary that at least one month has an average temperature of more than 10°C (50°F). Winters usually last five to seven months and during those months the temperature is below the freezing point. Spring and autumn are relatively short meaning the change of temperature from winter to summer and vice versa is quite fast.

Winter tends to be dry and most precipitation is observed during the summer, quite often in the form of several intense thunderstorms. Due to the dry winter, despite the very low temperatures, there is usually not much snow. Dwc climate type includes for example most of Northern Mongolia, some parts in Southeast Russia, central China or Alaska.

The defining feature of polar climate is very low temperatures all year round. What is also typical are large differences between the individual seasons, but not as profound as in the bordering subarctic zones. The average temperature of the warmest month is above freezing point, but below 10°C (50°F). This means that during this time of the year, the snow melts, but in regions with annual average temperature of less than -9°C (15°F), the soil remains frozen (permafrost) for the entire year. Such low temperatures mean no trees can be found here and vegetation only consists of smaller species.

Winters are usually long and cold and precipitation is observed almost entirely in the form of dry snow. The total annual precipitation is typically less than 350mm (14in) (under some specific conditions it can be much more however).

Summers are mild with daily maxima around 15 to 18°C (60 to 65°F)and due to the relative vicinity of the poles, the days are long. Also the cloudiness is quite high. Long, dark and cold winters mean temperature drops to as low as -20 to -50°C (-4 to -58°F).

.Polar climate type can be found in the Northernmost part of Canada, coastal areas of Greenland, Northern Alaska and the Northernmost parts of Russia. However, it also includes areas of very high elevation such as the Himalayas in Nepal.

The ice-cap climate can be found in the coldest places on Earth. The temperature hardly ever exceeds the freezing point and the average temperature of all months is negative. In some areas, the daily maximum can be approximately 5°C (41°F), but only for a very short period of time. Daily temperature amplitude is quite small.

This climate type can be found in the regions close to both poles and includes most of Greenland, the Southernmost tip of South America, Northernmost tip of Russia, Antarctica and places at highest elevation on Earth.

Such low temperatures mean there is no vegetation and the whole area is covered with snow and ice. In rare cases, the warmer regions can have a few weeks during the year, when ferns and lichens appear. Animal species found here are those that completely rely on food from the ocean.

Unlike the ET climate, the snow does not melt even during the summer and so glaciers form, which are constantly moving. In the winter temperatures fall far below -20°C (-4°F), in regions more inland to less than -65°C (-85°F). The lowest temperatures are observed at the end of the polar night.

Annual precipitation amount is very small and usually ranges only between 50 to 500mm, the latter being for coastal areas.

What is also common are very strong winds, which even further decrease the feels like temperature.